Bioactive Lipids of Marine Microalga Chlorococcum sp. SABC 012504 with Anti-Inflammatory and Anti-thrombotic Activities
Marine Drugs
Abstract
Microalgae are at the start of the food chain, and many are known
producers of a significant amount of lipids with essential fatty acids.
However, the bioactivity of microalgal lipids for anti-inflammatory and
antithrombotic activities have rarely been investigated. Therefore, for a
sustainable source of the above bioactive lipids, the present study was
undertaken. The total lipids of microalga Chlorococcum
sp., isolated from the Irish coast, were fractionated into neutral-,
glyco-, and phospho-lipids, and were tested in vitro for their
anti-inflammatory and antithrombotic activities. All tested lipid
fractions showed strong anti-platelet-activating factor (PAF) and
antithrombin activities in human platelets (half maximal inhibitory
concentration (IC50) values ranging ~25–200 μg of lipid) with
the highest activities in glyco- and phospho-lipid fractions. The
structural analysis of the bioactive lipid fraction-2 revealed the
presence of specific sulfoquinovosyl diacylglycerols (SQDG) bioactive
molecules and the HexCer-t36:2 (t18:1/18:1 and 18:2/18:0) cerebrosides
with a phytosphingosine (4-hydrosphinganine) base, while fraction-3
contained bioactive phosphatidylcholine (PC) and
phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) molecules. These novel bioactive lipids of
Chlorococcum sp. with putative health
benefits may indicate that marine microalgae can be a sustainable
alternative source for bioactive lipids production for food supplements
and nutraceutical applications. However, further studies are required
towards the commercial technology pathways development and biosafety
analysis for the use of the microalga.
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